高精度温度计在水温观测中的仪器稳定性分析     

邱永平 《中国地震》2018,34(4):828-836

利用宁波地震台水温10年来的单测项、6年来的同层比测资料,对高精度温度计的仪器短期和长期稳定性进行分析对比。研究发现仪器长期存在漂移现象,漂移量的大小与每套仪器的系统特性有关,但随着观测时间的延续,漂移量逐渐减少,认为该现象对地震前兆观测影响不大;短期稳定性存在不明原因的阶跃和脉冲现象,但次数不多,幅度不大,如果不是并行观测,较难判别。因此,在资料分析时要考虑仪器的这些问题。有时仪器短期非常稳定,数天至20天整点值为同一测值。  相似文献   

Calibration of paired watersheds: Utility of moving sums in presence of externalities          下载免费PDF全文

Herbert Ssegane  Devendra M. Amatya  Augustine Muwamba  George M. Chescheir  Tim Appelboom  E.W. Tollner  Jami E. Nettles  Mohamed A. Youssef  François Birgand  R.W. Skaggs 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3458-3471

Historically, paired watershed studies have been used to quantify the hydrological effects of land use and management practices by concurrently monitoring 2 similar watersheds during calibration (pretreatment) and post‐treatment periods. This study characterizes seasonal water table and flow response to rainfall during the calibration period and tests a change detection technique of moving sums of recursive residuals (MOSUM) to select calibration periods for each control–treatment watershed pair when the regression coefficients for daily water table elevation were most stable to minimize regression model uncertainty. The control and treatment watersheds were 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old intensely managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with natural understory, 1 watershed of 3–4‐year‐old loblolly pine intercropped with switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), 1 watershed of 14–15‐year‐old thinned loblolly pine with natural understory (control), and 1 watershed of switchgrass only. The study period spanned from 2009 to 2012. Silvicultural operational practices during this period acted as external factors, potentially shifting hydrologic calibration relationships between control and treatment watersheds. MOSUM results indicated significant changes in regression parameters due to silvicultural operations and were used to identify stable relationships for water table elevation. None of the calibration relationships developed using this method were significantly different from the classical calibration relationship based on published historical data. We attribute that to the similarity of historical and 2010–2012 leaf area index on control and treatment watersheds as moderated by the emergent vegetation. Although the MOSUM approach does not eliminate the need for true calibration data or replace the classic paired watershed approach, our results show that it may be an effective alternative approach when true data are unavailable, as it minimizes the impacts of external disturbances other than the treatment of interest.  相似文献   

深井电极交叉供电对自然电位的影响     

赵斐  叶青  张远富 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(3):93-99

通过实验论证平凉地震台深井电阻率观测自然电位畸变由电极交叉供电造成,讨论分析不同电极供电对自然电位的影响。结果表明:对测量极供电,会影响自然电位,不会影响电阻率测值;单极供电对自然电位的影响表现为阶跃突跳,并以指数形态恢复,恢复时间约10 h,干扰峰值与供电电流、供电时间等有关;对观测数据进行校正,取得较好效果。  相似文献   

Using raw regional climate model outputs for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Chen  François P. Brissette  Pan Liu  Jun Xia 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4398-4413

General circulation model outputs are rarely used directly for quantifying climate change impacts on hydrology, due to their coarse resolution and inherent bias. Bias correction methods are usually applied to correct the statistical deviations of climate model outputs from the observed data. However, the use of bias correction methods for impact studies is often disputable, due to the lack of physical basis and the bias nonstationarity of climate model outputs. With the improvement in model resolution and reliability, it is now possible to investigate the direct use of regional climate model (RCM) outputs for impact studies. This study proposes an approach to use RCM simulations directly for quantifying the hydrological impacts of climate change over North America. With this method, a hydrological model (HSAMI) is specifically calibrated using the RCM simulations at the recent past period. The change in hydrological regimes for a future period (2041–2065) over the reference (1971–1995), simulated using bias‐corrected and nonbias‐corrected simulations, is compared using mean flow, spring high flow, and summer–autumn low flow as indicators. Three RCMs driven by three different general circulation models are used to investigate the uncertainty of hydrological simulations associated with the choice of a bias‐corrected or nonbias‐corrected RCM simulation. The results indicate that the uncertainty envelope is generally watershed and indicator dependent. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion about whether one method is better than the other. In other words, the bias correction method could bring further uncertainty to future hydrological simulations, in addition to uncertainty related to the choice of a bias correction method. This implies that the nonbias‐corrected results should be provided to end users along with the bias‐corrected ones, along with a detailed explanation of the bias correction procedure. This information would be especially helpful to assist end users in making the most informed decisions.  相似文献   

水深测量误差分析与改正     

褚宏宪  周小明  史慧杰  冯京 《物探与化探》2011,35(3):358-363

影响水深测量精度的因素较多,水深测量误差主要有仪器误差、声速误差、潮位观测误差、船速误差和船只因素,较全面进行了测量误差原因分析,针对作业过程,提出采取提高测量精度措施,并通过应用实例说明应用注意事项。  相似文献   

CSAMT全区视电阻率电场正演迭代拟合近场校正方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

詹少金  钱美平  冯戋戋 《物探与化探》2011,35(5):663-665

利用水平电偶源激发的电磁场,提出了正演迭代拟合电场强度的CSAMT近场校正方法。实验应用表明,在远区该方法的结果等于卡尼亚电阻率,在近区和过渡区则明显改善了卡尼亚电阻率的非波区场畸变。使用该方法能扩大CSAMT的勘探深度,扩展应用领域,更形象地反映地下介质的垂向电性的变化。  相似文献   

地表一致性静校正量误差分析     

尹奇峰  潘冬明  夏暖  李娟娟  胡明顺 《物探与化探》2011,35(6):785-788

目前,在生产中广泛使用的静校正方法几乎都是基于地表一致性假设的。在地表复杂地区,地形起伏较大,低速带厚度和横向速度变化较大,地表一致性假设往往与实际地质情况不符,在这种情况下再运用地表一致性静校正,势必产生很大的误差。笔者利用模型正演方法着重讨论复杂地区地表一致性静校正误差存在的原因及这种原因跟基准面、炮检距、低速带和基岩速度、低速带厚度、反射面深度等之间的关系,分析其变化规律,提出解决复杂地区静校正问题的建议,以期改进现有的静校正方法,达到减小误差的目的。  相似文献   

高精度磁测在单县龙王庙地区铁矿调查中的应用     

赵法强  曹秀华  庞绪贵  臧凯  孙立业 《山东地质》2011,(8):23-26,30

阐述了高精度磁测在单县龙王庙地区铁矿调查评价中的应用,高精度磁测的目的是分解早期1∶5万航磁异常,细致反映龙王庙地区磁异常的分布,为该区的铁矿调查评价和成矿预测提供了基础资料。以近年来的高精度磁测工作为基础,该区铁矿深部找矿取得了重大突破,勘查发现了大刘庄大型沉积变质型铁矿,并进行了富有价值的成矿预测,显示出了良好的地质效果。  相似文献   

煤矿三维地震勘探技术发展趋势     

杨德义  赵镨  王慧 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(6):42-47,55

我国煤田三维地震勘探经过20余年的发展,已成为当前煤田地质勘探的主流技术,随着煤矿采掘现代化及安全保障系统对勘探精度要求的提高,三维地震勘探技术也须与之相适应,不断地探索与发展。参考近年来相关研究成果与勘探实例,对可在煤田地质勘探中大面积推广应用的三维地震勘探技术进行了介绍,其中包括：高密度空间采样、数字检波器、高精度静校正技术、叠前时间（深度）偏移技术、分频解释技术、波阻抗反演技术、相干体技术,同时也简要介绍了在煤田勘探方面有发展前景的多分量及各向异性技术。  相似文献   

时差对海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王磊  边刚  任来平  吴太旗 《海洋测绘》2011,31(6):39-41

为研究时差对磁测的影响,基于站间同步地磁日变曲线的特征,尝试采用同步比对法和相关分析法计算两站的时差.结论表明:同步比对法和相关分析法能反映站间真实的时差,当测区范围较小时(至少是在本文实例的两个地磁日变站之间),时差对地磁日变改正的影响很小,海洋磁力测量地磁日变改正时可以忽略其影响.  相似文献